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A. Subba Rao

Abstract

Survey for the seasonal occurrence, nature of damage and intensity of infestation of insect pests of soap-nut around Bapatla revealed that blossom webber (Cydia sp.) is the most destructive pest causing very severe damage during October-April followed by the fruit feeders Virachola isocrates F., Virachola sp, Serinatha augur Fabr. and Antilochus cogueberti Fabr. from January-April. Soap-nut moth, soap-nut tree bug and weevils were of moderate importance.

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Sangeeta Lenka ¹, N. K. Lenka ¹, R. C. Singh ², A. Subba Rao ¹, S. Kundu ¹, Jyothi Raghuwansi ¹, C. P. Patidar ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN

Abstract

Biomass burning is a major contributor to the atmospheric carbon budget and increases the concentration of many trace gases apart from the adverse effects on soil properties. However, in many parts of India, crop residue burning is a recurrent and widespread practice for disposal of the residues after harvest of the previous crop to facilitate sowing of the succeeding crop. The residue burning on a larger scale also leads to severe atmospheric pollution. Against this backdrop, the present work was conducted to study the effect of wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue burning on soil properties and assess the potential greenhouse gas emission from burning of such residues on a regional scale. The study was taken up on farmers' field in Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh, with two residue disposal methods, viz. residue burning and residue removal, for comparison with respect to their effect on soil properties and the greenhouse gas emission potential. No significant difference was observed between both methods in terms of soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon and available P content at 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths. Though residue burning showed favourable effect on available K content, there was reduction in the available N content in the 15-30 cm soil depth. Residue burning did not show significant effect on soil biological activity as estimated from fluorescence diacetate test. On the other hand, there was a significant adverse effect on soil structure and labile carbon content. Residue burning was estimated to result in the emission of 379 Gg C equivalent for India and 14 Gg C equivalent for MP.

Keywords

Biomass Burning, Greenhouse Gas Emission, Soil Properties, Wheat.

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A. Subba Rao ¹, Sanjay Srivastava ¹, A. N. Ganeshamurty ²

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462 038, IN
2 Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru 560 089, IN

Abstract

Importance of phosphorus (P) in agriculture and how its availability or otherwise could influence the food security of India and the world is studied. Rock phosphate (RP) is the only economic source of P but its availability is finite and skewed. India has very limited known resource of RP which is mostly low to medium grade in quality, thus making it almost entirely dependent on imports. The low soil P fertility in large parts of the country has accentuated the problem and reinforced the importance of most scientific and judicious use of P. A large number of practical measures such as using low grade indigenous RPs, mobilization of P from RPs, some best agronomic practices to effectively and economically utilize RPs and P recovery from solid and liquid wastes are suggested in the article along with some researchable issues. These if implemented could reduce the reliance on P import as well as provide food and nutritional security.

Keywords

Availability, Fertility, Phosphorus, Rock Phosphate, Yield.

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S. Kundu ¹, M. Vassanda Coumar ¹, S. Rajendiran ¹, Ajay ¹, A. Subba Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, IN

Abstract

Eutrophication, regarded as the most immediate environmental consequence of extensive phosphorus usage in contemporary societies, has received wide attention. If the current level of human-induced global environmental impacts continues, there is a chance of occurrence of nearly 2.4-2.7-fold increase in nitrogen and phosphorus driven eutrophication of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems in the near future. The main sources of phosphate in aquatic environment, is through household sewage water containing detergents and cleaning preparations, agricultural run-off containing fertilizers, as well as, industrial effluents from fertilizer, detergent and soap industries. The consumption of synthetic detergents is increasing year-by-year due to increasing urbanization and most of them contain phosphate as a 'builder', which increases phosphate loading rates in water bodies. The estimated annual consumption of phosphate-containing laundry detergents for the current population in India is about 2.88 million tonnes and the total outflow of P is estimated to be 146 thousand tonnes per year. Therefore, a major point of concern for checking eutrophication of water bodies, particularly in sensitive areas, is how to reduce P inputs to surface waters.

Keywords

Aquatic Ecosystem, Detergents, Eutrophication, Phosphate Loading.

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K. Madhavi ¹, N. Nagendra ¹, V. Ramachandra Prasad ¹, A. Subba Rao ¹, G. S. S. Raju ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle – 517325, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, JNTU College of Engineering, Pulivendula – 516390, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

The study of magneto hydrodynamic flow and heat transfer analysis in a non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell fluid fluid past an isothermal sphere with thermal slip. The radiation effects also considered in the energy equation. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed to nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the use of a nonsimilarity transformation. These equations are solved by numerically subject to physical appropriate boundary conditions using the second order accurate implicit finite difference Keller-box technique. The effects of magnetic field, Eyring-Powell fluid parameter, Prandtl number, Slip parameter on velocity and temperature profiles as well as on the local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are calculated.

Keywords

Difference Scheme, Eyring-Powell Fluid, Isothermal Sphere, Kellerbox Finite, Magneto Hydrodynamic.

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C. H. Amanulla ¹, N. Nagendra ¹, M. Surya Narayana Reddy ², A. Subba Rao ¹, M. Sudhakar Reddy ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mathematics, Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, Madanapalle –517325, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Mathematics, JNTU College of Engineering, Pulivendula – 516390, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

In this manuscript, the scope of implicit finite difference method in solving a mathematical model for incompressible Jeffery’s fluid past an inclined vertical plate. The influence of many multi-physical parameters in these variables is illustrated graphically and skin friction and Heat transfer rate are computed and discussed through the table. The results found that fluid flow is reduced with increasing Deborah number De, but temperature is accelerates. Increasing λ enhances flow of the fluid, but temperature reduced.

Keywords

Heat Transfer, Inclined Plate, Jeffrey’s Fluid, Nusselt Number, Skin Friction

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